Effects of genotoxic agents on the cell cycle 48 hours after 90 min Biology Diagrams To maintain the integrity of the genome, a cell challenged with genotoxic stress must sense the damage and respond to it by stalling cell cycle progression until the damage is repaired. If the damage is catastrophic, then pro-apoptotic mechanisms are activated, resulting in cell death. For example, upon genotoxic stress, mitochondrial NAD + levels exhibit higher stability than nuclear and cytosolic NAD + pools, which is essential to cell viability 73. In mammalian cells, activation of stress-kinases by genotoxic stress can lead to cell-cycle delay at the G2-M transition, by intersecting with, and activating, the DNA-integrity checkpoints. It is apparent that stress kinases can be activated in an ATM-dependent manner in response to particular genotoxic stresses 52,53.
Cell cycle checkpoints are critical components of the genotoxic stress response, acting as cellular "quality control" mechanisms. These checkpoints can temporarily halt cell cycle progression, providing time for DNA repair or, in cases of severe damage, initiating programmed cell death.
Genotoxic stress response: What is the role of cytoplasmic ... Biology Diagrams
The presented method or slightly modified versions have been devised to study specific treatment responses and side effects of various anti-cancer treatments as used in clinical oncology. It enables a quantitative and longitudinal analysis of the DNA damage response after genotoxic stress, as induce โฆ Abstract Simple Summary. Cells respond to genotoxic stress through complex protein pathways called DNA damage response (DDR). These mechanisms ensure the preservation of genomic integrity and activate DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and, ultimately, programmed cell death. Genotoxic stress-mediated cell cycle activities for the decision of cellular fate Cell Cycle. 2011 Oct 1;10(19) :3239-48. (DDR) pathway. p53 induces the transcription of genes that negatively regulate progression of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage, and thus participates in maintaining genome stability. p53 and many other anti
Genotoxic stress leads to DNA damage which can be detrimental to the cell. A well-orchestrated cellular response is mounted to manage and repair the genotoxic stress-induced DNA damage. Our understanding of genotoxic stress response is derived mainly from studies focused on transcription, mRNA splicing, and protein turnover.
